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GI-ESCR's representative in Chile participated in a discussion about Chile's constitutional process

On 11 November 2022, GIESCR’s representative in Chile, Valentina Contreras, was invited by Amnesty International Argentina to the talk "The Continuity of the constituent process in Chile: challenges and lessons learned."

Julieta Suarez-Cao, an academic at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rodrigo Bustos, Executive Director of Amnesty International Chile, and Gabriel Puricelli, member of the board of directors of Amnesty International Argentina, also participated in the event. The panel was moderated by Mariela Belski, executive director of the latter organization.

Valentina was in charge of commenting on how to continue after the rejection option winning in the exit plebiscite; what scenarios or alternatives there are and how the process continues.

Now, and after more than 96 days of political negotiations, the scenario has changed and Chile has already reached a new agreement to advance in the constitutional process.

This agreement is built on 12 bases that give continuity to the process of a new Constitution for Chile. Regarding social rights, these bases establish that the sovereignty of Chile is limited by the dignity of the human person and the human rights recognised in international treaties ratified by the State of Chile and that are in force. In addition, it establishes that Chile is a social and Democratic State of Law, which recognises fundamental rights and freedoms; and that promotes the progressive development of social rights, subject to the principle of fiscal responsibility, through state and private institutions. Finally, these bases maintain that Chile protects and guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms such as freedom of education and the preferential duty of families to choose the education of their children, among many others.

The agreement recently signed on 12 December contemplates a mixed process: a new drafting body called the Constitutional Council, a Committee of Experts and a Technical Admissibility Committee. The Constitutional Council will be the drafting body, made up of 50 constitutional advisers, 100% elected by the citizens with a mandatory vote in April 2023 with a gender parity criteria. The Committee of Experts will have 24 members, 12 elected by the Senate and 12 by the Chamber of Deputies, and its main function will be to prepare a draft, which will then be discussed by the Constitutional Council. The members of the Committee of Experts will later be able to integrate the Constitutional Council, with the right to speak. Finally, the Admissibility Technical Committee will be made up of 14 renowned jurists, who will be in charge of ensuring that the approved standards are not contrary to the institutional bases.

In the dicussion, GI-ESCR’s representative in Chile also highlighted the work carried out by the organisation during the constituent process of 2022, particularly based on the experience of having presented and defended a popular initiative of normative provision which was finally enshrined in the text, and the information campaign carried out prior to the exit plebiscite through the La Constitución es Nuestra project.

Valentina pointed out that, although the constitutional text referred to in September was perhaps very ambitious in the way it raised certain issues that did not resonate with the entire Chilean population, in terms of social rights, it did introduce several novelties, such as the incorporation of universal and quality public services, fair and progressive fiscal policies, and justiciability as mechanisms aimed at guaranteeing ESCE rights. She also added that "since no constitution is perfect, the rejected text still posed important challenges such as the introduction of an adequate standard of living, a holistic and general regulation of cultural rights and the unification of institutional structures aimed at satisfying rights

GI-ESCR will continue to participate in this process, in pursuit of advancing the protection, respect and guarantee of human rights in Chile and the world.

SPANISH

El pasado miércoles 11 de noviembre de 2022, la representante en Chile de GIESCR, Valentina Contreras, fue invitada por Amnistía Internacional Argentina a la charla “La Continuidad del proceso constituyente en Chile: desafíos y lecciones aprendidas”.

En la ocasión, además participaron Julieta Suarez-Cao, académica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rodrigo Bustos, director ejecutivo de Amnistía Internacional Chile y Gabriel Puricelli, miembro de la comisión directiva de Amnistía Internacional Argentina. El panel fue moderado por Mariela Belski, directora ejecutiva de esta última organización.

Valentina estuvo a cargo de comentar cómo se sigue tras el éxito de la opción rechazo en el plebiscito de salida, qué escenarios o alternativas se abrieron y cómo continúa el proceso. Hoy, a más de 96 días de negociación política, el escenario de incertidumbre planteado en esa oportunidad cambió y Chile ya alcanzó un nuevo acuerdo para avanzar en el proceso constitucional.

Este acuerdo se construye sobre 12 bases que dan continuidad al proceso de una nueva Constitución para Chile. Respecto de los derechos sociales, estas bases establecen que la soberanía de Chile tiene como límite la dignidad de la persona humana y los derechos humanos reconocidos en los tratados internacionales ratificados por el Estado de Chile y que se encuentren vigentes. Además, establece que Chile es un Estado social y Democrático de Derecho, que reconoce derechos y libertades fundamentales; y que promueve el desarrollo progresivo de los derechos sociales, con sujeción al principio de responsabilidad fiscal, a través de instituciones estatales y privadas. Por último, estas bases sostienen que Chile protege y garantiza derechos y libertades fundamentales como la libertad de enseñanza y el deber preferente de las familias de escoger la educación de sus hijos, entre muchos otros.

En cuanto al funcionamiento del proceso, el acuerdo suscrito recientemente este 12 de diciembre, contempla un proceso mixto: un nuevo órgano redactor llamado Consejo Constitucional, un Comité de Expertos y un Comité Técnico de Admisibilidad. El Consejo Constitucional será el órgano redactor, integrado por 50 consejeros constitucionales, 100% electos por la ciudadanía con voto obligatorio en abril de 2023 con criterios de paridad. El Comité de Expertos tendrá 24 integrantes, 12 electos por el Senado y 12 por la Cámara de Diputados, y su función principal será elaborar un anteproyecto, que luego será discutido por el Consejo Constitucional. Los miembros del Comité de Expertos podrán después integrar al Consejo Constitucional, con derecho a voz. Por último, el Comité Técnico de Admisibilidad estará compuesto por 14 juristas de renombre, quienes estarán a cargo de velar porque las normas aprobadas no sean contrarias a las bases institucionales.

 

En la charla, la Representante en Chile de GI-ESCR también destacó la labor desarrollada por la organización durante el proceso constituyente de 2022, en particular a partir de la experiencia de haber presentado y defendido una iniciativa popular de norma que quedó consagrada en el texto final, y de la campaña informativa desarrollada previo al plebiscito de salida junto al proyecto La Constitución es Nuestra.

En la oportunidad, Valentina señaló que, si bien el texto constitucional referendado en septiembre fue quizás muy ambicioso en la forma de plantear ciertas temáticas que no resonaron en toda la población chilena, en cuanto a los derechos sociales éste sí incorporaba novedades como, por ejemplo, la incorporación de servicios públicos universales y de calidad, políticas fiscales justas y progresivas, además de la justiciabilidad, como mecanismos destinados a la garantía de los DESCA. Añadió además que “como ninguna constitución es perfecta, el texto rechazado planteaba aún desafíos importantes como la introducción de un estándar de vida adecuado, la regulación holística y general de los derechos culturales y la unificación de las estructuras institucionales destinadas a la satisfacción de los derechos sociales”.

Éstos y otros desafíos retoman su vigencia con el nuevo proceso, y desde la Iniciativa Global por los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (GI-ESCR) seguiremos participando en este proceso, en miras de avanzar en la protección, respeto y garantía de los derechos humanos, en Chile y el mundo.

 

Event, Institutional engagementGI-ESCR14 November 2022Chile
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